RESUMO
DJ-1 plays an important role in antioxidant defenses, and a reactive cysteine at position 106 (Cys106) of DJ-1, a critical residue of its biological function, is oxidized under oxidative stress. DJ-1 oxidation has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the relationship between DJ-1 oxidation and PD is still unclear. In the present study using specific antibody for Cys106-oxidized DJ-1 (oxDJ-1), we analyzed oxDJ-1 levels in the brain and peripheral tissues in young and aged mice and in a mouse model of PD induced using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). OxDJ-1 levels in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle were high compared with other tissues. In the brain, oxDJ-1 was detected in PD-related brain sites such as the substantia nigra (SN) of the midbrain, olfactory bulb (OB), and striatum. In aged wild-type mice, oxDJ-1 levels in the OB, striatum, and heart tended to decrease, while those in the skeletal muscle increased significantly. Expression of dopamine-metabolizing enzymes significantly increased in the SN and OB of aged DJ-1-/- mice, accompanied by a complementary increase in glutathione peroxidase 1. MPTP treatment concordantly changed oxDJ-1 levels in PD-related brain sites and heart. These results indicate that the effects of physiological metabolism, aging, and neurotoxin change oxDJ-1 levels in PD-related brain sites, heart, and skeletal muscle where mitochondrial load is high, suggesting a substantial role of DJ-1 in antioxidant defenses and/or dopamine metabolism in these tissues.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Intoxicação por MPTP/patologia , Neurotoxinas/toxicidade , Proteína Desglicase DJ-1/metabolismo , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio/administração & dosagem , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio/toxicidade , Fatores Etários , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dopamina/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Humanos , Intoxicação por MPTP/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Monoaminoxidase/análise , Monoaminoxidase/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Neurotoxinas/administração & dosagem , Oxirredução , Proteína Desglicase DJ-1/análise , Proteína Desglicase DJ-1/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1RESUMO
Addition of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides to the pickles was studied in order to develop a new type of pickles that reduce blood pressure. Based on the outcome of these studies, a new type of fermentation bed composed of rice bran and white miso has been successfully developed. The advantage of such pickles is that they not only contain both GABA and ACE-inhibitory peptides, but also that their taste and flavor are excellent, with colors close to the original ones. The new type of pickles could temporarily reduce blood pressure in two types of rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats and NaCl-sensitive model rats. Thus, the newly developed pickles appear to be beneficial for pickle business.
